S 5457: Alters the definition of "drug" in the vehicle and traffic law to include any substance or combination of substances that impair, to any extent, physical or mental abilities; defines impairment and intoxication; provides that refusal to submit to a breath test and/or oral/bodily fluid test shall be a traffic infraction; makes related provisions.

  
  STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 5457 2025-2026 Regular Sessions  IN SENATE February 21, 2025 ___________ Introduced by Sens. COMRIE, ADDABBO, ASHBY, BORRELLO, CANZONERI-FITZPA- TRICK, FERNANDEZ, HELMING, MARTINEZ, MARTINS, MATTERA, MAYER, MURRAY, OBERACKER, PALUMBO, RAMOS, RHOADS, ROLISON, TEDISCO, WEBER, WEIK -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to procedures relating to driving while ability impaired by drugs The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Section 114-a of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by 2 chapter 92 of the laws of 2021, is amended to read as follows: 3 § 114-a. Drug. The term "drug" when used in this chapter, means and 4 includes any substance listed in section thirty-three hundred six of the 5 public health law and cannabis and concentrated cannabis as defined in 6 section 222.00 of the penal law and any substance or combination of 7 substances that impair, to any extent, physical or mental abilities. 8 § 2. Section 119-b of the vehicle and traffic law is renumbered 119-c 9 and a new section 119-b is added to read as follows: 10 § 119-b. Impaired. Impairment is reached when a driver has voluntarily 11 consumed or ingested a substance or combination of substances to the 12 extent that the driver has impaired, to any extent, the physical and 13 mental abilities which a driver is expected to possess in order to oper- 14 ate a vehicle as a reasonable and prudent driver. 15 § 3. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 16 120-a to read as follows: 17 § 120-a. Intoxication. Intoxication is a greater degree of impairment 18 which is reached when a driver has voluntarily consumed or ingested a 19 substance or combination of substances to the extent that the driver is 20 incapable, to a substantial extent, of employing the physical and mental 21 abilities which a driver is expected to possess in order to operate a 22 vehicle as a reasonable and prudent driver. EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted. LBD00438-01-5 
 S. 5457 2 1 § 4. Subdivisions 1, 2 and 3 of section 1194 of the vehicle and traf- 2 fic law, as added by chapter 47 of the laws of 1988, paragraph (a) of 3 subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 196 of the laws of 1996, paragraphs 4 (b) and (c) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 489 of the laws of 5 2017, clause (A) of subparagraph 1, subparagraphs 2 and 3 of paragraph 6 (b), subparagraphs 1, 2 and 3 of paragraph (c) of subdivision 2 as 7 amended by chapter 27 of the laws of 2018, subparagraphs 1 and 2 of 8 paragraph (d) of subdivision 2 as amended by chapter 732 of the laws of 9 2006, and item (iii) of clause c of subparagraph 1 of paragraph (d) of 10 subdivision 2 as amended by section 37 of part LL of chapter 56 of the 11 laws of 2010, are amended to read as follows: 12 1. Arrest and field testing. (a) Arrest. Notwithstanding the 13 provisions of section 140.10 of the criminal procedure law, a police 14 officer may, without a warrant, arrest a person, in case of a violation 15 of subdivision one of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, 16 if such violation is coupled with an accident or collision in which such 17 person is involved, which in fact has been committed, though not in the 18 police officer's presence, when the officer has reasonable cause to 19 believe that the violation was committed by such person. 20 (b) Field testing. Every person operating a motor vehicle which has 21 been involved in an accident or which is operated in violation of any of 22 the provisions of this chapter shall, at the request of a police offi- 23 cer, submit to a breath test and/or oral/bodily fluid test to be admin- 24 istered by the police officer. If such test indicates that such operator 25 has consumed alcohol or a drug or drugs, the police officer may request 26 such operator to submit to a chemical test and/or an evaluation 27 conducted by a drug recognition expert in the manner set forth in subdi- 28 vision two of this section. 29 (c) Refusal to submit to a breath test and/or oral/bodily fluid test 30 pursuant to paragraph (b) of this subdivision shall be a traffic infrac- 31 tion. 32 2. Chemical tests and drug recognition evaluations. (a) When author- 33 ized. Any person who operates a motor vehicle in this state shall be 34 deemed to have given consent to an evaluation conducted by a certified 35 drug recognition expert, and/or a chemical test of one or more of the 36 following: breath, blood, urine, or [saliva] oral/bodily fluid, for the 37 purpose of determining the alcoholic and/or drug content [of the blood] 38 provided that such test is administered by or at the direction of a 39 police officer with respect to a chemical test of breath, urine or 40 [saliva] oral/bodily fluid or, with respect to a chemical test of blood, 41 at the direction of a police officer: 42 (1) having reasonable grounds to believe such person to have been 43 operating in violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 44 ninety-two of this article and within two hours after such person has 45 been placed under arrest for any such violation; or having reasonable 46 grounds to believe such person to have been operating in violation of 47 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article and within two hours 48 after the stop of such person for any such violation, 49 (2) within two hours after a breath test, as provided in paragraph (b) 50 of subdivision one of this section, indicates that alcohol has been 51 consumed by such person and in accordance with the rules and regulations 52 established by the police force of which the officer is a member; 53 (3) for the purposes of this paragraph, "reasonable grounds" to 54 believe that a person has been operating a motor vehicle after having 55 consumed alcohol in violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of 56 this article shall be determined by viewing the totality of circum- 
 S. 5457 3 1 stances surrounding the incident which, when taken together, indicate 2 that the operator was driving in violation of such subdivision. Such 3 circumstances may include any visible or behavioral indication of alco- 4 hol consumption by the operator, the existence of an open container 5 containing or having contained an alcoholic beverage in or around the 6 vehicle driven by the operator, or any other evidence surrounding the 7 circumstances of the incident which indicates that the operator has been 8 operating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol at the time of 9 the incident; or 10 (4) notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, no 11 person under the age of twenty-one shall be arrested for an alleged 12 violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article. 13 However, a person under the age of twenty-one for whom a chemical test 14 and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recognition expert is 15 authorized pursuant to this paragraph may be temporarily detained by the 16 police solely for the purpose of requesting or administering such chemi- 17 cal test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recognition 18 expert whenever arrest without a warrant for a petty offense would be 19 authorized in accordance with the provisions of section 140.10 of the 20 criminal procedure law or paragraph (a) of subdivision one of this 21 section. 22 (a-1) For the purposes of this section the driver shall not be deemed 23 to consent to answer custodial questions as part of an evaluation 24 conducted by a certified drug recognition expert pursuant to paragraph 25 (a) of this subdivision and declining to answer such questions shall not 26 constitute a refusal to submit to the evaluation when the driver submits 27 to the other portions of such evaluation and no report of refusal shall 28 be made pursuant to paragraph (b) of this subdivision and the driver's 29 license shall not be revoked pursuant to paragraphs (c) and (d) of this 30 subdivision solely on the basis of the driver declining to answer such 31 custodial questions. 32 (b) Report of refusal. (1) If: (A) such person having been placed 33 under arrest; or (B) after a breath and/or oral/bodily fluid test indi- 34 cates the presence of alcohol and/or a drug or drugs in the person's 35 system; or (C) with regard to a person under the age of twenty-one, 36 there are reasonable grounds to believe that such person has been oper- 37 ating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol in violation of 38 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article; and having there- 39 after been requested to submit to such chemical test and/or an evalu- 40 ation conducted by a certified drug recognition expert and having been 41 informed that the person's license or permit to drive and any non-resi- 42 dent operating privilege shall be immediately suspended and subsequently 43 revoked, or, for operators under the age of twenty-one for whom there 44 are reasonable grounds to believe that such operator has been operating 45 a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol in violation of section 46 eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article, shall be revoked for 47 refusal to submit to such chemical test or any portion thereof, and/or 48 an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recognition expert or any 49 portion thereof whether or not the person is found guilty of the charge 50 for which such person is arrested or detained, refuses to submit to such 51 chemical test or any portion thereof, [unless a court order has been 52 granted pursuant to subdivision three of this section,] and/or an evalu- 53 ation conducted by a certified drug recognition expert or any portion 54 thereof the test shall not be given and a written report of such refusal 55 shall be immediately made by the police officer before whom such refusal 56 was made. Such report may be verified by having the report sworn to, or 
 S. 5457 4 1 by affixing to such report a form notice that false statements made 2 therein are punishable as a class A misdemeanor pursuant to section 3 210.45 of the penal law and such form notice together with the 4 subscription of the deponent shall constitute a verification of the 5 report. 6 (2) The report of the police officer shall set forth reasonable 7 grounds to believe such arrested person or such detained person under 8 the age of twenty-one had been driving in violation of any subdivision 9 of section eleven hundred ninety-two or eleven hundred ninety-two-a of 10 this article, that said person had refused to submit to such chemical 11 test, [and that no chemical test was administered pursuant to the 12 requirements of subdivision three of this section] or an evaluation 13 conducted by a certified drug recognition expert or any portion thereof. 14 The report shall be presented to the court upon arraignment of an 15 arrested person, provided, however, in the case of a person under the 16 age of twenty-one, for whom a test was authorized pursuant to the 17 provisions of subparagraph two or three of paragraph (a) of this subdi- 18 vision, and who has not been placed under arrest for a violation of any 19 of the provisions of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, 20 such report shall be forwarded to the commissioner within forty-eight 21 hours in a manner to be prescribed by the commissioner, and all subse- 22 quent proceedings with regard to refusal to submit to such chemical test 23 and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recognition expert by 24 such person shall be as set forth in subdivision three of section eleven 25 hundred ninety-four-a of this article. 26 (3) For persons placed under arrest for a violation of any subdivision 27 of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, the license or 28 permit to drive and any non-resident operating privilege shall, upon the 29 basis of such written report, be temporarily suspended by the court 30 without notice pending the determination of a hearing as provided in 31 paragraph (c) of this subdivision. Copies of such report must be trans- 32 mitted by the court to the commissioner and such transmittal may not be 33 waived even with the consent of all the parties. Such report shall be 34 forwarded to the commissioner within forty-eight hours of such arraign- 35 ment. 36 (4) The court or the police officer, in the case of a person under the 37 age of twenty-one alleged to be driving after having consumed alcohol, 38 shall provide such person with a scheduled hearing date, a waiver form, 39 and such other information as may be required by the commissioner. If a 40 hearing, as provided for in paragraph (c) of this subdivision, or subdi- 41 vision three of section eleven hundred ninety-four-a of this article, is 42 waived by such person, the commissioner shall immediately revoke the 43 license, permit, or non-resident operating privilege, as of the date of 44 receipt of such waiver in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 45 (d) of this subdivision. 46 (c) Hearings. Any person whose license or permit to drive or any non- 47 resident driving privilege has been suspended pursuant to paragraph (b) 48 of this subdivision is entitled to a hearing in accordance with a hear- 49 ing schedule to be promulgated by the commissioner. If the department 50 fails to provide for such hearing fifteen days after the date of the 51 arraignment of the arrested person, the license, permit to drive or 52 non-resident operating privilege of such person shall be reinstated 53 pending a hearing pursuant to this section. The hearing shall be limited 54 to the following issues: (1) did the police officer have reasonable 55 grounds to believe that such person had been driving in violation of any 56 subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; (2) 
 S. 5457 5 1 did the police officer make a lawful arrest of such person; (3) was such 2 person given sufficient warning, in clear or unequivocal language, prior 3 to such refusal that such refusal to submit to such chemical test or any 4 portion thereof and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug 5 recognition expert or any portion thereof, would result in the immediate 6 suspension and subsequent revocation of such person's license or operat- 7 ing privilege whether or not such person is found guilty of the charge 8 for which the arrest was made; and (4) did such person refuse to submit 9 to such chemical test or any portion thereof and/or an evaluation 10 conducted by a certified drug recognition expert or any portion thereof. 11 A refusal to answer custodial questions shall not be considered a 12 refusal for the purposes of this section pursuant to paragraph (a-1) of 13 this subdivision. If, after such hearing, the hearing officer, acting on 14 behalf of the commissioner, finds on any one of said issues in the nega- 15 tive, the hearing officer shall immediately terminate any suspension 16 arising from such refusal. If, after such hearing, the hearing officer, 17 acting on behalf of the commissioner finds all of the issues in the 18 affirmative, such officer shall immediately revoke the license or permit 19 to drive or any non-resident operating privilege in accordance with the 20 provisions of paragraph (d) of this subdivision. A person who has had a 21 license or permit to drive or non-resident operating privilege suspended 22 or revoked pursuant to this subdivision may appeal the findings of the 23 hearing officer in accordance with the provisions of article three-A of 24 this chapter. Any person may waive the right to a hearing under this 25 section. Failure by such person to appear for the scheduled hearing 26 shall constitute a waiver of such hearing, provided, however, that such 27 person may petition the commissioner for a new hearing which shall be 28 held as soon as practicable. 29 (d) Sanctions. (1) Revocations. a. Any license which has been revoked 30 pursuant to paragraph (c) of this subdivision shall not be restored for 31 at least one year after such revocation, nor thereafter, except in the 32 discretion of the commissioner. However, no such license shall be 33 restored for at least eighteen months after such revocation, nor there- 34 after except in the discretion of the commissioner, in any case where 35 the person has had a prior revocation resulting from refusal to submit 36 to a chemical test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug 37 recognition expert or any portion thereof, or has been convicted of or 38 found to be in violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 39 ninety-two or section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article not 40 arising out of the same incident, within the five years immediately 41 preceding the date of such revocation; provided, however, a prior find- 42 ing that a person under the age of twenty-one has refused to submit to a 43 chemical test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recog- 44 nition expert or any portion thereof pursuant to subdivision three of 45 section eleven hundred ninety-four-a of this article shall have the same 46 effect as a prior finding of a refusal pursuant to this subdivision 47 solely for the purpose of determining the length of any license suspen- 48 sion or revocation required to be imposed under any provision of this 49 article, provided that the subsequent offense or refusal is committed or 50 occurred prior to the expiration of the retention period for such prior 51 refusal as set forth in paragraph (k) of subdivision one of section two 52 hundred one of this chapter. 53 b. Any license which has been revoked pursuant to paragraph (c) of 54 this subdivision or pursuant to subdivision three of section eleven 55 hundred ninety-four-a of this article, where the holder was under the 56 age of twenty-one years at the time of such refusal, shall not be 
 S. 5457 6 1 restored for at least one year, nor thereafter, except in the discretion 2 of the commissioner. Where such person under the age of twenty-one years 3 has a prior finding, conviction or youthful offender adjudication 4 resulting from a violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two or 5 section eleven hundred ninety-two-a of this article, not arising from 6 the same incident, such license shall not be restored for at least one 7 year or until such person reaches the age of twenty-one years, whichever 8 is the greater period of time, nor thereafter, except in the discretion 9 of the commissioner. 10 c. Any commercial driver's license which has been revoked pursuant to 11 paragraph (c) of this subdivision based upon a finding of refusal to 12 submit to a chemical test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified 13 drug recognition expert or any portion thereof, where such finding 14 occurs within or outside of this state, shall not be restored for at 15 least eighteen months after such revocation, nor thereafter, except in 16 the discretion of the commissioner, but shall not be restored for at 17 least three years after such revocation, nor thereafter, except in the 18 discretion of the commissioner, if the holder of such license was oper- 19 ating a commercial motor vehicle transporting hazardous materials at the 20 time of such refusal. However, such person shall be permanently disqual- 21 ified from operating a commercial motor vehicle in any case where the 22 holder has a prior finding of refusal to submit to a chemical test 23 and/or an evaluation thereof conducted by a certified drug recognition 24 expert or any portion thereof pursuant to this section or has a prior 25 conviction of any of the following offenses: any violation of section 26 eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; any violation of subdivision 27 one or two of section six hundred of this chapter; or has a prior 28 conviction of any felony involving the use of a motor vehicle pursuant 29 to paragraph (a) of subdivision one of section five hundred ten-a of 30 this chapter. Provided that the commissioner may waive such permanent 31 revocation after a period of ten years has expired from such revocation 32 provided: 33 (i) that during such ten year period such person has not been found to 34 have refused a chemical test or an evaluation conducted by a certified 35 drug recognition expert or any portion thereof pursuant to this section 36 and has not been convicted of any one of the following offenses: any 37 violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article; refusal 38 to submit to a chemical test or an evaluation conducted by a certified 39 drug recognition expert or any portion thereof pursuant to this section; 40 any violation of subdivision one or two of section six hundred of this 41 chapter; or has a prior conviction of any felony involving the use of a 42 motor vehicle pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision one of section 43 five hundred ten-a of this chapter; 44 (ii) that such person provides acceptable documentation to the commis- 45 sioner that such person is not in need of alcohol or drug treatment or 46 has satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of such treatment; and 47 (iii) after such documentation is accepted, that such person is grant- 48 ed a certificate of relief from disabilities or a certificate of good 49 conduct pursuant to article twenty-three of the correction law by the 50 court in which such person was last penalized. 51 d. Upon a third finding of refusal and/or conviction of any of the 52 offenses which require a permanent commercial driver's license revoca- 53 tion, such permanent revocation may not be waived by the commissioner 54 under any circumstances. 55 (2) Civil penalties. Except as otherwise provided, any person whose 56 license, permit to drive, or any non-resident operating privilege is 
 S. 5457 7 1 revoked pursuant to the provisions of this section shall also be liable 2 for a civil penalty in the amount of five hundred dollars except that if 3 such revocation is a second or subsequent revocation pursuant to this 4 section issued within a five year period, or such person has been 5 convicted of a violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 6 ninety-two of this article within the past five years not arising out of 7 the same incident, the civil penalty shall be in the amount of seven 8 hundred fifty dollars. Any person whose license is revoked pursuant to 9 the provisions of this section based upon a finding of refusal to submit 10 to a chemical test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug 11 recognition expert or any portion thereof while operating a commercial 12 motor vehicle shall also be liable for a civil penalty of five hundred 13 fifty dollars except that if such person has previously been found to 14 have refused a chemical test and/or an evaluation conducted by a certi- 15 fied drug recognition expert or any portion thereof pursuant to this 16 section while operating a commercial motor vehicle or has a prior 17 conviction of any of the following offenses while operating a commercial 18 motor vehicle: any violation of section eleven hundred ninety-two of 19 this article; any violation of subdivision two of section six hundred of 20 this chapter; or has a prior conviction of any felony involving the use 21 of a commercial motor vehicle pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision 22 one of section five hundred ten-a of this chapter, then the civil penal- 23 ty shall be seven hundred fifty dollars. No new driver's license or 24 permit shall be issued, or non-resident operating privilege restored to 25 such person unless such penalty has been paid. All penalties collected 26 by the department pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be 27 the property of the state and shall be paid into the general fund of the 28 state treasury. 29 (3) Effect of rehabilitation program. No period of revocation arising 30 out of this section may be set aside by the commissioner for the reason 31 that such person was a participant in the alcohol and drug rehabili- 32 tation program set forth in section eleven hundred ninety-six of this 33 article. 34 (e) Regulations. The commissioner shall promulgate such rules and 35 regulations as may be necessary to effectuate the provisions of subdivi- 36 sions one and two of this section. 37 (f) Evidence. Evidence of a refusal to submit to such chemical test or 38 any portion thereof or an evaluation conducted by a drug recognition 39 expert or any portion thereof shall be admissible in any trial, proceed- 40 ing or hearing based upon a violation of the provisions of section elev- 41 en hundred ninety-two of this article but only upon a showing that the 42 person was given sufficient warning, in clear and unequivocal language, 43 of the effect of such refusal and that the person persisted in the 44 refusal. Evidence of a refusal shall be admissible pursuant to this 45 section regardless of the time of the refusal. 46 (g) Results. Upon the request of the person who was tested, the 47 results of such test shall be made available to such person. 48 3. Compulsory chemical tests. (a) Court ordered chemical tests. 49 Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision two of this section, no 50 person who operates a motor vehicle in this state may refuse to submit 51 to a chemical test of one or more of the following: breath, blood, urine 52 or [saliva] oral/bodily fluids, for the purpose of determining the alco- 53 holic and/or drug content of the blood or oral/bodily fluids when a 54 court order for such chemical test has been issued in accordance with 55 the provisions of this subdivision. 
 S. 5457 8 1 (b) When authorized. Upon refusal by any person to submit to a chemi- 2 cal test or any portion thereof as described above, the test shall not 3 be given unless a police officer or a district attorney, as defined in 4 subdivision thirty-two of section 1.20 of the criminal procedure law, 5 requests and obtains a court order to compel a person to submit to a 6 chemical test to determine the alcoholic [or] and/or drug content of the 7 person's blood or oral/bodily fluids upon a finding of reasonable cause 8 to believe that: 9 (1) such person was the operator of a motor vehicle and in the course 10 of such operation [a person other than the operator was killed or 11 suffered serious physical injury as defined in section 10.00 of the 12 penal law] the motor vehicle was involved in a crash; or personal injury 13 has been caused to another person, due to an incident involving the 14 motor vehicle operated by such person or such person has a previous 15 conviction for a violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred 16 ninety-two of this article; and 17 (2) a. either such person operated the vehicle in violation of any 18 subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this article, or 19 b. a breath test and/or oral/bodily fluid test administered by a 20 police officer in accordance with paragraph (b) of subdivision one of 21 this section indicates that alcohol and/or a drug or drugs has been 22 consumed by such person; and 23 (3) such person has been placed under lawful arrest; and 24 (4) such person has refused to submit to a chemical test or any 25 portion thereof and/or an evaluation conducted by a certified drug 26 recognition expert, or any portion thereof, requested in accordance with 27 the provisions of paragraph (a) of subdivision two of this section or is 28 unable to give consent to such a test. 29 (c) Reasonable cause; definition. For the purpose of this subdivision 30 "reasonable cause" shall be determined by viewing the totality of 31 circumstances surrounding the incident which, when taken together, indi- 32 cate that the operator was driving in violation of section eleven 33 hundred ninety-two of this article. Such circumstances may include, but 34 are not limited to: evidence that the operator was operating a motor 35 vehicle in violation of any provision of this article or any other 36 moving violation at the time of the incident; any visible indication of 37 alcohol or drug consumption or impairment by the operator; the existence 38 of an open container containing an alcoholic beverage and/or a drug or 39 drugs in or around the vehicle driven by the operator; the odor of 40 cannabis or burnt cannabis; any other evidence surrounding the circum- 41 stances of the incident which indicates that the operator has been oper- 42 ating a motor vehicle while impaired by the consumption of alcohol or 43 drugs or intoxicated at the time of the incident. 44 (d) Court order; procedure. (1) An application for a court order to 45 compel submission to a chemical test or any portion thereof, may be made 46 to any supreme court justice, county court judge or district court judge 47 in the judicial district in which the incident occurred, or if the inci- 48 dent occurred in the city of New York before any supreme court justice 49 or judge of the criminal court of the city of New York. Such application 50 may be communicated by telephone, radio or other means of electronic 51 communication, or in person. 52 (2) The applicant must provide identification by name and title and 53 must state the purpose of the communication. Upon being advised that an 54 application for a court order to compel submission to a chemical test is 55 being made, the court shall place under oath the applicant and any other 56 person providing information in support of the application as provided 
 S. 5457 9 1 in subparagraph three of this paragraph. After being sworn the applicant 2 must state that the person from whom the chemical test was requested was 3 the operator of a motor vehicle and in the course of such operation [a 4 person, other than the operator, has been killed or seriously injured] 5 the motor vehicle was involved in a crash; or personal injury has been 6 caused to another person, due to an incident involving the motor vehicle 7 operated by such person and/or such person has a previous arrest for a 8 violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two of 9 this article; and, based upon the totality of circumstances, there is 10 reasonable cause to believe that such person was operating a motor vehi- 11 cle in violation of any subdivision of section eleven hundred ninety-two 12 of this article and, after being placed under lawful arrest such person 13 refused to submit to a chemical test or any portion thereof, in accord- 14 ance with the provisions of this section or is unable to give consent to 15 such a test or any portion thereof. The applicant must make specific 16 allegations of fact to support such statement. Any other person properly 17 identified, may present sworn allegations of fact in support of the 18 applicant's statement. 19 (3) Upon being advised that an oral application for a court order to 20 compel a person to submit to a chemical test is being made, a judge or 21 justice shall place under oath the applicant and any other person 22 providing information in support of the application. Such oath or oaths 23 and all of the remaining communication must be recorded, either by means 24 of a voice recording device or verbatim stenographic or verbatim long- 25 hand notes. If a voice recording device is used or a stenographic record 26 made, the judge must have the record transcribed, certify to the accura- 27 cy of the transcription and file the original record and transcription 28 with the court within seventy-two hours of the issuance of the court 29 order. If the longhand notes are taken, the judge shall subscribe a copy 30 and file it with the court within twenty-four hours of the issuance of 31 the order. 32 (4) If the court is satisfied that the requirements for the issuance 33 of a court order pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this 34 subdivision have been met, it may grant the application and issue an 35 order requiring the accused to submit to a chemical test to determine 36 the alcoholic and/or drug content of [his] such accused's blood [and] 37 and/or oral/bodily fluids and ordering the withdrawal of a blood and/or 38 oral/bodily fluid sample in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 39 (a) of subdivision four of this section. When a judge or justice deter- 40 mines to issue an order to compel submission to a chemical test based on 41 an oral application, the applicant therefor shall prepare the order in 42 accordance with the instructions of the judge or justice. In all cases 43 the order shall include the name of the issuing judge or justice, the 44 name of the applicant, and the date and time it was issued. It must be 45 signed by the judge or justice if issued in person, or by the applicant 46 if issued orally. 47 (5) Any false statement by an applicant or any other person in support 48 of an application for a court order shall subject such person to the 49 offenses for perjury set forth in article two hundred ten of the penal 50 law. 51 (6) The chief administrator of the courts shall establish a schedule 52 to provide that a sufficient number of judges or justices will be avail- 53 able in each judicial district to hear oral applications for court 54 orders as permitted by this section. 55 (e) Administration of compulsory chemical test. An order issued pursu- 56 ant to the provisions of this subdivision shall require that a chemical 
 S. 5457 10 1 test to determine the alcoholic and/or drug content of the operator's 2 blood and/or oral/bodily fluid must be administered. The provisions of 3 paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subdivision four of this section shall be 4 applicable to any chemical test administered pursuant to this section. 5 § 5. The subparagraph heading and clauses a and b of subparagraph 7 of 6 paragraph (e) of subdivision 2 of section 1193 of the vehicle and traf- 7 fic law, the subparagraph heading as added by chapter 312 of the laws of 8 1994, clause a as amended by chapter 732 of the laws of 2006, and clause 9 b as separately amended by chapters 3 and 571 of the laws of 2002, are 10 amended to read as follows: 11 Suspension pending prosecution; excessive blood alcohol content or 12 impairment by a drug or drugs. a. Except as provided in clause a-1 of 13 this subparagraph, a court shall suspend a driver's license, pending 14 prosecution, of any person charged with a violation of subdivision two, 15 two-a, three, four or four-a of section eleven hundred ninety-two of 16 this article who, at the time of arrest, is alleged to have had .08 of 17 one percent or more by weight of alcohol in such driver's blood or is 18 alleged to have been impaired by the ingestion of a drug or drugs as 19 shown by chemical analysis of blood, breath, urine or [saliva] 20 oral/bodily fluid, or by an evaluation conducted by a certified drug 21 recognition expert, or any portion thereof, made pursuant to subdivision 22 two or three of section eleven hundred ninety-four of this article, or 23 the driver makes a statement admitting to driving while intoxicated by 24 alcohol or while impaired by a drug or drugs. 25 b. The suspension occurring under clause a of this subparagraph shall 26 occur no later than at the conclusion of all proceedings required for 27 the arraignment and the suspension occurring under clause a-1 of this 28 subparagraph shall occur immediately after the holder's first appearance 29 before the court on the charge which shall, whenever possible, be the 30 next regularly scheduled session of the court after the arrest or at the 31 conclusion of all proceedings required for the arraignment; provided, 32 however, that if the results of any test administered pursuant to 33 section eleven hundred ninety-four of this article are not available 34 within such time period, the complainant police officer or other public 35 servant shall transmit such results to the court at the time they become 36 available, and the court shall, as soon as practicable following the 37 receipt of such results and in compliance with the requirements of this 38 subparagraph, suspend such license. In order for the court to impose 39 such suspension it must find that the accusatory instrument conforms to 40 the requirements of section 100.40 of the criminal procedure law and 41 there exists reasonable cause to believe either that (a) the holder 42 operated a motor vehicle while such holder had .08 of one percent or 43 more by weight of alcohol or was impaired by the ingestion of a drug or 44 drugs in [his or her] such holder's blood as was shown by chemical anal- 45 ysis of such person's blood, breath, urine or [saliva] oral/bodily 46 fluid, or by an evaluation conducted by a certified drug recognition 47 expert, or any portion thereof, made pursuant to the provisions of 48 section eleven hundred ninety-four of this article or the driver makes a 49 statement admitting to driving while intoxicated by alcohol or while 50 impaired by a drug or drugs; or (b) the person was the holder of a class 51 DJ or MJ learner's permit or a class DJ or MJ driver's license and oper- 52 ated a motor vehicle while such holder was in violation of subdivision 53 one, two and/or three of section eleven hundred ninety-two of this arti- 54 cle. At the time of such license suspension the holder shall be entitled 55 to an opportunity to make a statement regarding these two issues and to 56 present evidence tending to rebut the court's findings. 
 S. 5457 11 1 § 6. Section 1192 of the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding 2 two new subdivisions 13 and 14 to read as follows: 3 13. It shall be an affirmative defense to a charge under subdivision 4 four or four-a of this section that the operator suffered an allergic 5 reaction or medical emergency rather than being impaired by a substance 6 or combination of substances. Provided, however, that no defense shall 7 be available if any such consumed or ingested substance is contained in 8 section thirty-three hundred six of the public health law. Further 9 provided, however, the judge reviewing the case may take into account 10 the medical history of the defendant and whether or not they had an 11 unknown adverse reaction to a properly prescribed prescription drug. 12 14. The commissioner and the commissioner of criminal justice services 13 shall collect data on the number of traffic stops, arrests and 14 convictions for driving under the influence of drugs under this section. 15 Such commissioners shall compile and publish an annual report on the 16 number of traffic stops, arrests and convictions by race, sex, age and 17 national origin and provide such annual report to the governor, the 18 speaker of the assembly and the temporary president of the senate. 19 § 7. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed- 20 ing the date on which it shall have become a law and be deemed repealed 21 five years after such effective date.