S 8665: Imposes owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with traffic control indicators within the city of New York through the use of traffic control indicator cameras.

  
  STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 8665  IN SENATE January 7, 2026 ___________ Introduced by Sen. SALAZAR -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Transportation AN ACT to amend the vehicle and traffic law, in relation to owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with traffic control indicators; to amend the public officers law, in relation to access to records prepared pursuant to traffic control indicators; and providing for the repeal of certain provisions upon expiration thereof The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. The vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new 2 section 1111-j to read as follows: 3 § 1111-j. Owner liability for failure of an operator to comply with 4 traffic control indicators. (a) 1. Notwithstanding any other provision 5 of law, the city of New York is hereby authorized to establish a demon- 6 stration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle 7 for failure of an operator thereof to comply with posted traffic control 8 indicators in such city in accordance with the provisions of this 9 section. Such demonstration program shall empower the city to install 10 traffic control indicator photo devices on city vehicles and along 11 streets at locations determined by such city and to administer such 12 program in consultation with the New York city department of transporta- 13 tion. 14 2. Any photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded 15 images captured by traffic control indicator photo devices shall be 16 inadmissible in any disciplinary proceeding convened by the city and any 17 proceeding initiated by the city involving licensure privileges of city 18 vehicle operators. Any traffic control indicator photo device mounted 19 along streets at locations determined by New York city or mounted on a 20 city vehicle shall be directed outwardly from such vehicle to capture 21 images of vehicles operated in violation of traffic control indicators, 22 and images produced by such device shall not be used for any other 23 purpose in the absence of a court order requiring such images to be 24 produced. EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted. LBD06073-04-5 
 S. 8665 2 1 3. No traffic control indicator vehicle photo device shall be used 2 unless on the day it is to be used it has successfully passed a self- 3 test of its functions. 4 4. (i) Such demonstration program shall utilize necessary technologies 5 to ensure, to the extent practicable, that photographs, microphoto- 6 graphs, videotape or other recorded images produced by such traffic 7 control indicator photo device shall not include images that identify 8 the driver, the passengers, or the contents of the vehicle. Provided, 9 however, that no notice of liability issued pursuant to this section 10 shall be dismissed solely because such a photograph, microphotograph, 11 videotape or other recorded image allows for the identification of the 12 driver, the passengers, or the contents of vehicles where the city shows 13 that it made reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of this 14 paragraph in such case. 15 (ii) Photographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded 16 image from a traffic control indicator photo device shall be for the 17 exclusive use of the city for the purpose of the adjudication of liabil- 18 ity imposed pursuant to this section and of the owner receiving a notice 19 of liability pursuant to this section, and shall be destroyed by the 20 city within forty-eight hours of the final resolution of any notice of 21 liability to which such photographs, microphotographs, videotape or 22 other recorded images relate, or one year following the date of issuance 23 of such notice of liability, whichever is later. Notwithstanding the 24 provisions of any other law, rule or regulation to the contrary, photo- 25 graphs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded image from a 26 traffic control indicator photo device shall not be open to the public, 27 nor subject to civil or criminal process or discovery, nor used by any 28 court or administrative or adjudicatory body in any action or proceeding 29 therein except that which is necessary for the adjudication of a notice 30 of liability issued pursuant to this section, and no entity or employee, 31 officer or agent thereof shall disclose such information, except that 32 such photographs, microphotographs, videotape or any other recorded 33 images from such devices: 34 (A) shall be available for inspection and copying and use by the motor 35 vehicle owner and operator for so long as such photographs, microphoto- 36 graphs, videotape or other recorded images are required to be maintained 37 or are maintained by such entity, employee, officer or agent. 38 (B) (1) may be disclosed where required by federal law; and 39 (2) shall be furnished in response to a subpoena duces tecum signed by 40 a judge of competent jurisdiction and issued pursuant to article six 41 hundred ten of the criminal procedure law or a judge or magistrate of a 42 federal court authorized to issue such a subpoena duces tecum under 43 federal law, where the judge finds and the subpoena states that there is 44 reasonable cause to believe such information is relevant and material to 45 the defense of the alleged commission of a misdemeanor or felony in this 46 state or another state. 47 (C) shall be available for sharing between the city and any vendor 48 retained by the city for the purpose of deploying such devices. Any such 49 vendor shall be subject to the same restrictions as provided in this 50 section and shall not disclose such materials except as expressly 51 authorized under this section. 52 (iii) The demonstration program authorized pursuant to this section is 53 prohibited from utilizing and from arranging for the utilization of 54 biometric identifying technology, including but not limited to facial 55 recognition technology, for any purpose. The use, and the arrangement 56 for the use, of biometric identifying technology, including but not 
 S. 8665 3 1 limited to facial recognition technology, on photographs, microphoto- 2 graphs, videotape, or any other recorded image or data produced by a 3 traffic control indicator photo device, by any person for any purpose, 4 are prohibited. For purposes of this subparagraph, "person" shall 5 include, but not be limited to, a human being, a public or private 6 corporation, an unincorporated association, a partnership, a government 7 or a governmental instrumentality, a court or an administrative or adju- 8 dicatory body, and any employee, officer, and agent of the foregoing. 9 5. Every city vehicle upon which a traffic control indicator photo 10 device is installed and operated pursuant to a demonstration program 11 authorized pursuant to this section shall be equipped with signs, plac- 12 ards or other displays giving notice to approaching motor vehicle opera- 13 tors that traffic control indicator photo devices are used to enforce 14 traffic control indicators. 15 6. Warning notices of violation shall be issued during the first sixty 16 days that traffic control indicator photo devices pursuant to a demon- 17 stration program authorized by this section are active and in operation. 18 7. The city shall adopt and enforce measures: 19 (i) to upgrade signage at regular intervals stating that traffic 20 control indicator photo devices are used to enforce traffic control 21 indicators along such routes; 22 (ii) to prohibit the use or dissemination of vehicles' license plate 23 information and other information and images captured by traffic control 24 indicator photo devices except: (A) as required to establish liability 25 under this section or collect payment of penalties; or (B) as required 26 by federal law; and 27 (iii) to ensure compliance with the privacy protection measures. 28 (b) If the city has established a program pursuant to subdivision (a) 29 of this section, the owner of a vehicle shall be liable for a penalty 30 imposed pursuant to this section if such vehicle was parked in violation 31 of any parking rule of such city and such violation is evidenced by 32 information obtained from a traffic control indicator photo device. 33 (c) For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the 34 following meanings: 35 1. "City" shall mean any city with a population over one million 36 persons. 37 2. "Manual on uniform traffic control devices" or "MUTCD" shall mean 38 the manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control 39 devices maintained by the commissioner of transportation pursuant to 40 section sixteen hundred eighty of this chapter. 41 3. "Owner" shall have the meaning provided in article two-B of this 42 chapter. 43 4. "Traffic control indicators" shall mean the prohibited parking, 44 standing, or stopping of any vehicle by the city of New York pursuant to 45 the rules of the New York city department of transportation, including 46 but not limited to during designated time periods as posted by signs or 47 street markings. 48 5. "Traffic control indicator photo device" shall mean a device that 49 is mounted along streets at locations determined by New York city as 50 well as a device that is mounted on a vehicle, is capable of operating 51 independently of an enforcement officer and produces one or more images 52 of each vehicle at the time it is in violation of traffic control indi- 53 cators. 54 6. "Biometric identifying technology" shall mean any tool using an 55 automated or semi-automated process that assists in verifying a person's 56 identity based on a person's biometric information. 
 S. 8665 4 1 7. "Biometric information" shall mean any measurable physical, physio- 2 logical or behavioral characteristics that are attributable to a person, 3 including but not limited to facial characteristics, fingerprint charac- 4 teristics, hand characteristics, eye characteristics, vocal character- 5 istics, and any other characteristics that can be used to identify a 6 person including, but not limited to: fingerprints; handprints; retina 7 and iris patterns; DNA sequence; voice; gait; and facial geometry. 8 8. "Facial recognition" shall mean any tool using an automated or 9 semi-automated process that assists in uniquely identifying or verifying 10 a person by comparing and analyzing patterns based on the person's face. 11 (d) A certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by 12 the city, or a facsimile thereof, based upon inspection of photographs, 13 microphotographs, videotape or other recorded images produced by a traf- 14 fic control indicator photo device, shall be prima facie evidence of the 15 facts contained therein. Any photographs, microphotographs, videotape or 16 other recorded images evidencing such a violation shall be available for 17 inspection in any proceeding to adjudicate the liability for such 18 violation pursuant to this section. 19 (e) An owner liable for a violation of a parking rule imposed on any 20 route shall be liable for monetary penalties in accordance with a sched- 21 ule of fines and penalties promulgated by the parking violations bureau 22 of the city of New York; provided, however, that the monetary penalty 23 for violating a parking rule shall not exceed fifty dollars for the 24 first violation; one hundred dollars for a second violation within a 25 twelve-month period; one hundred fifty dollars for a third violation 26 within a twelve-month period; two hundred dollars for a fourth violation 27 within a twelve-month period; and two hundred fifty dollars for each 28 subsequent violation within a twelve-month period; provided, further, 29 that an owner shall be liable for an additional penalty not to exceed 30 twenty-five dollars for each violation for the failure to respond to a 31 notice of liability within the prescribed time period. 32 (f) An imposition of liability under the demonstration program estab- 33 lished pursuant to this section shall not be deemed a conviction as an 34 operator and shall not be made part of the operating record of the 35 person upon whom such liability is imposed nor shall it be used for 36 insurance purposes in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage. 37 (g) 1. A notice of liability shall be sent by first class mail to each 38 person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of a parking 39 rule. Personal delivery on the owner shall not be required. A manual or 40 automatic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of business 41 shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein. 42 2. A notice of liability shall contain the name and address of the 43 person alleged to be liable as an owner for violation of a parking rule, 44 the registration number of the vehicle involved in such violation, the 45 location where such violation took place including the street or cross 46 streets, one or more images identifying the violation, the date and time 47 of such violation and the identification number of the traffic control 48 indicator photo device that recorded the violation or other document 49 locator number. 50 3. The notice of liability shall contain information advising the 51 person charged of the manner and the time in which such person may 52 contest the liability alleged in the notice. Such notice of liability 53 shall also contain a warning to advise the person charged that failure 54 to contest in the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission 55 of liability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. 
 S. 8665 5 1 4. The notice of liability shall be prepared and mailed by the agency 2 or agencies designated by the city, or any other entity authorized by 3 such city to prepare and mail such notification of violation. 4 5. Adjudication of the liability imposed upon owners by this section 5 shall be by the New York city parking violations bureau. 6 (h) If an owner of a vehicle receives a notice of liability pursuant 7 to this section for any time period during which the vehicle was 8 reported to the police department as having been stolen, it shall be a 9 valid defense to an allegation of liability for violation of a parking 10 rule of such city, that the vehicle had been reported to the police as 11 stolen prior to the time the violation occurred and had not been recov- 12 ered by such time. For purposes of asserting the defense provided by 13 this subdivision it shall be sufficient that a certified copy of the 14 police report on the stolen vehicle be sent by first class mail to the 15 city parking violations bureau. 16 (i) 1. An owner who is a lessor of a vehicle to which a notice of 17 liability was issued pursuant to subdivision (g) of this section shall 18 not be liable for the violation of the parking rule, provided that: 19 (i) prior to the violation, the lessor has filed with such parking 20 violations bureau in accordance with the provisions of section two 21 hundred thirty-nine of this chapter; and 22 (ii) within thirty-seven days after receiving notice from such bureau 23 of the date and time of such liability, together with the other informa- 24 tion contained in the original notice of liability, the lessor submits 25 to such bureau the correct name and address of the lessee of the vehicle 26 identified in the notice of liability at the time of such violation, 27 together with such other additional information contained in the rental, 28 lease or other contract document, as may be reasonably required by such 29 bureau pursuant to regulations that may be promulgated for such purpose. 30 2. Failure to comply with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph one of this 31 subdivision shall render the lessor liable for the penalty prescribed in 32 this section. 33 3. Where the lessor complies with the provisions of paragraph one of 34 this subdivision, the lessee of such vehicle on the date of such 35 violation shall be deemed to be the owner of such vehicle for purposes 36 of this section, shall be subject to liability for such violation pursu- 37 ant to this section, and shall be sent a notice of liability pursuant to 38 subdivision (g) of this section. 39 (j) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability 40 of an operator of a vehicle for any violation of a parking rule. 41 (k) If the city adopts a demonstration program pursuant to subdivision 42 (a) of this section, such city's department of transportation shall 43 submit a report on the results of the use of traffic control indicator 44 photo devices to the governor, the temporary president of the senate, 45 and the speaker of the assembly two years after the demonstration is 46 adopted. The department of transportation of the city of New York shall 47 also make such reports available on their public-facing websites, 48 provided that they may provide aggregate data from paragraph one of this 49 subdivision if the city finds that publishing specific location data 50 would jeopardize public safety. Such report shall include, but not be 51 limited to: 52 1. a description of the locations and/or vehicles where traffic 53 control indicator vehicle photo devices were used; 54 2. the total number of violations recorded on a monthly and annual 55 basis; 56 3. the total number of notices of liability issued; 
 S. 8665 6 1 4. the number of fines and total amount of fines paid after the first 2 notice of liability; 3 5. the number of violations adjudicated and results of such adjudi- 4 cations including breakdowns of dispositions made; 5 6. the total amount of revenue realized by such city and department 6 and an itemized list of expenditures made by the city and department 7 with these revenues; 8 7. the quality of the adjudication process and its results; 9 8. the total number of cameras by type of camera used; and 10 9. the total cost to such city. 11 (l) It shall be a defense to any prosecution for a violation of a 12 parking rule pursuant to a demonstration program adopted pursuant to 13 this section that such traffic control indicator photo devices were 14 malfunctioning at the time of the alleged violation. 15 § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 235 of the vehicle and traffic law, as 16 amended by section 1 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is 17 amended to read as follows: 18 1. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of any general, special 19 or local law or administrative code to the contrary, in any city which 20 heretofore or hereafter is authorized to establish an administrative 21 tribunal: (a) to hear and determine complaints of traffic infractions 22 constituting parking, standing or stopping violations, or (b) to adjudi- 23 cate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of 24 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 25 local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 26 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con- 27 trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con- 28 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- 29 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the liability of 30 owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of 31 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 32 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 33 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted 34 maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo 35 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of 36 this chapter, or (d) to adjudicate the liability of owners for 37 violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of 38 this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing 39 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 40 thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installa- 41 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article 42 twenty-four of this chapter, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of 43 owners for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain 44 public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authori- 45 ties to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure 46 of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of 47 such public authorities through the installation and operation of 48 photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section 49 two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and 50 sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred 51 seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (f) to adjudicate 52 the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seven- 53 ty-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as 54 provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three 55 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or 56 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for 
 S. 8665 7 1 failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual 2 signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo 3 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of 4 this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for 5 violations of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the 6 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such 7 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross 8 vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh 9 in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner 10 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such 11 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal- 12 lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 13 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the 14 liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) 15 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 16 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 17 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted 18 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work 19 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 20 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, 21 or (i) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus oper- 22 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of 23 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone- 24 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 25 thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations 26 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo 27 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (j) 28 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of traffic control 29 indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed 30 pursuant to a program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 31 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such traffic 32 control indicators through the installation and operation of traffic 33 control indicator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four 34 of this chapter, such tribunal and the rules and regulations pertaining 35 thereto shall be constituted in substantial conformance with the follow- 36 ing sections. 37 § 3. Subdivision 1 of section 236 of the vehicle and traffic law, as 38 amended by section 2 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is 39 amended to read as follows: 40 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such 41 tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau 42 and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a 43 parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability 44 of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred 45 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance 46 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 47 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the 48 installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation- 49 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap- 50 ter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of 51 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty 52 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing 53 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 54 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the 55 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, 56 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate 
 S. 8665 8 1 the liability of owners for violations of bus lane restrictions as 2 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus 3 rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 4 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane 5 restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo 6 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d) 7 to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection 8 regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law 9 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the 10 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with 11 toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the 12 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance 13 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of 14 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and 15 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen 16 hundred fifty, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of owners for 17 violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when 18 meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions 19 twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this 20 chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary 21 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 22 to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation 23 and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in 24 accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f) to adjudi- 25 cate the liability of owners for violations of section three hundred 26 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered 27 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of 28 this chapter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight 29 violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program 30 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 31 operator thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle 32 weight restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in 33 motion violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of 34 this chapter, or (g) to adjudicate the liability of owners for 35 violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred 36 eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program 37 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 38 operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within 39 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation 40 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance 41 with article thirty of this chapter, or (h) to adjudicate the liability 42 of owners for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as 43 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 44 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 45 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper- 46 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation 47 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen- 48 ty-four of this chapter, or (i) to adjudicate the liability of owners 49 for violations of traffic control indicators as defined by article twen- 50 ty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing monetary 51 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 52 to comply with such traffic control indicators through the installation 53 and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance 54 with article twenty-four of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a 55 city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdic- 56 tion of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, 
 S. 8665 9 1 a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation 2 providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehi- 3 cle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean 4 and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official 5 possessing authority as such a commissioner. 6 § 4. Paragraph f of subdivision 1 of section 239 of the vehicle and 7 traffic law, as amended by section 3 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws 8 of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 9 f. "Notice of violation" means a notice of violation as defined in 10 subdivision nine of section two hundred thirty-seven of this article, 11 but shall not be deemed to include a notice of liability issued pursuant 12 to authorization set forth in articles ten, twenty-four, twenty-nine and 13 thirty of this chapter, section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of 14 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and 15 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen 16 hundred fifty to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for 17 failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indi- 18 cations in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven 19 of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-con- 20 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- 21 cle twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maxi- 22 mum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) 23 of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installa- 24 tion and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in 25 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus 26 lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter 27 through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in 28 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with 29 toll collection regulations of certain public authorities through the 30 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance 31 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of 32 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and 33 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen 34 hundred fifty; or to stop for a school bus displaying a red visual 35 signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chap- 36 ter through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation 37 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chap- 38 ter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation 39 of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of 40 this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work area 41 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor- 42 ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or to 43 comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in 44 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the 45 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such 46 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- 47 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 48 accordance with article ten of this chapter; or to comply with bus oper- 49 ation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four of 50 this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transporta- 51 tion of the city of New York through the installation and operation of 52 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- 53 four of this chapter; or to comply with traffic control indicators as 54 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation 55 and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance 56 with article twenty-four of this chapter. 
 S. 8665 10 1 § 5. Subdivisions 1, 1-a and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of 2 subdivision 1-b of section 240 of the vehicle and traffic law, subdivi- 3 sions 1 and 1-a as amended by section 4 of part N of chapter 58 of the 4 laws of 2025 and the opening paragraph of paragraph (a) of subdivision 5 1-b as amended by section 5 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 6 2023, are amended to read as follows: 7 1. Notice of hearing. Whenever a person charged with a parking 8 violation enters a plea of not guilty; or a person alleged to be liable 9 in accordance with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the 10 imposition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure 11 of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in 12 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this 13 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal 14 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- 15 four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed 16 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section 17 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper- 18 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with 19 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions 20 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa- 21 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article 22 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu- 23 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper- 24 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of 25 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities 26 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven 27 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop 28 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section 29 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and 30 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord- 31 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain 32 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or 33 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway 34 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- 35 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with 36 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight 37 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred 38 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered 39 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of 40 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion 41 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this 42 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as 43 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules 44 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the 45 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in 46 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with 47 traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this 48 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic control indi- 49 cator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 50 chapter, contests such allegation, the bureau shall advise such person 51 personally by such form of first class mail as the director may direct 52 of the date on which such person must appear to answer the charge at a 53 hearing. The form and content of such notice of hearing shall be 54 prescribed by the director, and shall contain a warning to advise the 55 person so pleading or contesting that failure to appear on the date 56 designated, or on any subsequent adjourned date, shall be deemed an 
 S. 8665 11 1 admission of liability, and that a default judgment may be entered ther- 2 eon. 3 1-a. Fines and penalties. Whenever a plea of not guilty has been 4 entered, or the bureau has been notified that an allegation of liability 5 in accordance with provisions of law specifically authorizing the impo- 6 sition of monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 7 operator thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in 8 violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this 9 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal 10 photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- 11 four of this chapter; or to comply with certain posted maximum speed 12 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section 13 eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the installation and oper- 14 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with 15 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions 16 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installa- 17 tion and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article 18 twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with toll collection regu- 19 lations of certain public authorities through the installation and oper- 20 ation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of 21 section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities 22 law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven 23 hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; or to stop 24 for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of section 25 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the installation and 26 operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accord- 27 ance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or to comply with certain 28 posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or 29 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway 30 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- 31 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with 32 article thirty of this chapter; or to comply with gross vehicle weight 33 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred 34 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered 35 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of 36 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion 37 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this 38 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as 39 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules 40 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the 41 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in 42 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with 43 traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this 44 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic control indi- 45 cator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 46 chapter, is being contested, by a person in a timely fashion and a hear- 47 ing upon the merits has been demanded, but has not yet been held, the 48 bureau shall not issue any notice of fine or penalty to that person 49 prior to the date of the hearing. 50 In a city having a population of one million or more, at every hearing 51 for the adjudication of a notice of liability, as provided by this arti- 52 cle, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the owner of a first- 53 response emergency vehicle alleged to be liable in accordance with any 54 provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary 55 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: 56 to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision 
 S. 8665 12 1 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the instal- 2 lation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitor- 3 ing systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or 4 to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of 5 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty 6 of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed 7 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this 8 chapter; or to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article 9 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of 10 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 11 chapter; or to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as 12 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules 13 of the department of transportation of the city of New York through the 14 installation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in 15 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with 16 traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this 17 chapter through the installation and operation of traffic control indi- 18 cator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 19 chapter is not liable for such alleged violation if such owner of the 20 first-response emergency vehicle provides the hearing officer with: 21 § 6. Paragraphs a and g of subdivision 2 of section 240 of the vehicle 22 and traffic law, as amended by section 5 of part N of chapter 58 of the 23 laws of 2025, are amended to read as follows: 24 a. Every hearing for the adjudication of a charge of parking violation 25 or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision 26 (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to 27 a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 28 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-con- 29 trol indications through the installation and operation of traffic-con- 30 trol signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with arti- 31 cle twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an 32 owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of 33 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 34 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 35 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with certain posted 36 maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo 37 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of 38 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation 39 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap- 40 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary 41 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 42 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and 43 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- 44 four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a 45 violation of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public 46 authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to 47 impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 48 operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such 49 public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-moni- 50 toring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thou- 51 sand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections 52 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four 53 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or an allegation of liability of 54 an owner for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this 55 chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in 56 subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy- 
 S. 8665 13 1 five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance impos- 2 ing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an oper- 3 ator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the 4 installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring 5 systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or an 6 allegation of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), 7 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed 8 pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the 9 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with 10 certain posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or 11 maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo 12 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of 13 this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner for a violation 14 of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of 15 the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such terms are 16 defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross vehicle 17 weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh in 18 motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of 19 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such gross 20 vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the installation 21 and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 22 accordance with article ten of this chapter, or an allegation of liabil- 23 ity of an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regu- 24 lations as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursu- 25 ant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner 26 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus 27 operation-related traffic regulations through the installation and oper- 28 ation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article 29 twenty-four of this chapter, or an allegation of liability of an owner 30 for a violation of traffic control indicators as defined by article 31 twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing mone- 32 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 33 thereof to comply with such traffic control indicators through the 34 installation and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, 35 in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, shall be held 36 before a hearing examiner in accordance with rules and regulations 37 promulgated by the bureau. 38 g. A record shall be made of a hearing on a plea of not guilty or of a 39 hearing at which liability in accordance with any provisions of law 40 specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the 41 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with 42 traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section 43 eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and oper- 44 ation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in 45 accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with 46 certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), 47 (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter 48 through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitor- 49 ing systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to 50 comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of 51 this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo 52 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to 53 comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities 54 through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in 55 accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred 56 eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, 
 S. 8665 14 1 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the 2 laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a 3 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of 4 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo 5 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of 6 this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in 7 violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred 8 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work 9 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 10 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; 11 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in 12 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the 13 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such 14 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- 15 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 16 accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus 17 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four 18 of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transpor- 19 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of 20 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- 21 four of this chapter; or to comply with traffic control indicators as 22 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation 23 and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accord- 24 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter, is contested. Recording 25 devices may be used for the making of the record. 26 § 7. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 241 of the vehicle and traffic 27 law, as amended by section 6 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 28 2025, are amended to read as follows: 29 1. The hearing examiner shall make a determination on the charges, 30 either sustaining or dismissing them. Where the hearing examiner deter- 31 mines that the charges have been sustained such hearing examiner may 32 examine either the prior parking violations record or the record of 33 liabilities incurred in accordance with any provisions of law specif- 34 ically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on the owner of 35 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply with traffic- 36 control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven 37 hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation and operation of 38 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance 39 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with certain posted 40 maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or 41 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter through the instal- 42 lation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in 43 accordance with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with bus lane 44 restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through 45 the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance 46 with article twenty-four of this chapter; to comply with toll collection 47 regulations of certain public authorities through the installation and 48 operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions 49 of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authori- 50 ties law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter 51 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to 52 stop for a school bus displaying a red visual signal in violation of 53 section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter through the instal- 54 lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, 55 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; to comply with 56 certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivision (b), 
 S. 8665 15 1 (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter within 2 a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation 3 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance 4 with article thirty of this chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight 5 and/or axle weight restrictions in violation of section three hundred 6 eighty-five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered 7 agency or covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of 8 this chapter through the installation and operation of weigh in motion 9 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this 10 chapter; [or] to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations 11 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the 12 rules of the department of transportation of the city of New York 13 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo 14 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to 15 comply with traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty-four 16 of this chapter through the installation and operation of traffic 17 control indicator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four 18 of this chapter, of the person charged, as applicable prior to rendering 19 a final determination. Final determinations sustaining or dismissing 20 charges shall be entered on a final determination roll maintained by the 21 bureau together with records showing payment and nonpayment of penal- 22 ties. 23 2. Where an operator or owner fails to enter a plea to a charge of a 24 parking violation or contest an allegation of liability in accordance 25 with any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of 26 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 27 thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of 28 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through 29 the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo viola- 30 tion-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 31 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation 32 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred 33 eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo 34 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of 35 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article 36 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of 37 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 38 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public 39 authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring 40 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine 41 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections 42 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four 43 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display- 44 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy- 45 four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school 46 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen- 47 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed 48 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- 49 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main- 50 tenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed 51 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this 52 chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight 53 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this 54 chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered 55 authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter 56 through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation 
 S. 8665 16 1 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] 2 to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by 3 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the 4 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal- 5 lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord- 6 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with traffic 7 control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter 8 through the installation and operation of traffic control indicator 9 photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, 10 or fails to appear on a designated hearing date or subsequent adjourned 11 date or fails after a hearing to comply with the determination of a 12 hearing examiner, as prescribed by this article or by rule or regulation 13 of the bureau, such failure to plead or contest, appear or comply shall 14 be deemed, for all purposes, an admission of liability and shall be 15 grounds for rendering and entering a default judgment in an amount 16 provided by the rules and regulations of the bureau. However, after the 17 expiration of the original date prescribed for entering a plea and 18 before a default judgment may be rendered, in such case the bureau shall 19 pursuant to the applicable provisions of law notify such operator or 20 owner, by such form of first class mail as the commission may direct; 21 (1) of the violation charged, or liability alleged in accordance with 22 any provisions of law specifically authorizing the imposition of mone- 23 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 24 thereof: to comply with traffic-control indications in violation of 25 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through 26 the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo viola- 27 tion-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 28 chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation 29 of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred 30 eighty of this chapter through the installation and operation of photo 31 speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of 32 this chapter; to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article 33 twenty-four of this chapter through the installation and operation of 34 bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 35 chapter; to comply with toll collection regulations of certain public 36 authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring 37 systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine 38 hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections 39 sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four 40 of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus display- 41 ing a red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy- 42 four of this chapter through the installation and operation of school 43 bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twen- 44 ty-nine of this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed 45 limits in violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section elev- 46 en hundred eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or main- 47 tenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed 48 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this 49 chapter; to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight 50 restrictions in violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this 51 chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered 52 authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chapter 53 through the installation and operation of weigh in motion violation 54 monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] 55 to comply with bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by 56 article twenty-four of this chapter in violation of the rules of the 
 S. 8665 17 1 department of transportation of the city of New York through the instal- 2 lation and operation of bus operation-related photo devices, in accord- 3 ance with article twenty-four of this chapter; or to comply with traffic 4 control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter 5 through the installation and operation of traffic control indicator 6 photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 7 chapter, (2) of the impending default judgment, (3) that such judgment 8 will be entered in the Civil Court of the city in which the bureau has 9 been established, or other court of civil jurisdiction or any other 10 place provided for the entry of civil judgments within the state of New 11 York, and (4) that a default may be avoided by entering a plea or 12 contesting an allegation of liability in accordance with any provisions 13 of law specifically authorizing the imposition of monetary liability on 14 the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof: to comply 15 with traffic-control indications in violation of subdivision (d) of 16 section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter through the installation 17 and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring 18 systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to 19 comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in violation of subdivi- 20 sion (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this 21 chapter through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 22 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; 23 to comply with bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four 24 of this chapter through the installation and operation of bus lane photo 25 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; to 26 comply with toll collection regulations of certain public authorities 27 through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in 28 accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred 29 eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, 30 sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the 31 laws of nineteen hundred fifty; to stop for a school bus displaying a 32 red visual signal in violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of 33 this chapter through the installation and operation of school bus photo 34 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of 35 this chapter; to comply with certain posted maximum speed limits in 36 violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred 37 eighty of this chapter within a highway construction or maintenance work 38 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 39 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; 40 to comply with gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions in 41 violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and the 42 rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such 43 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter through the installa- 44 tion and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 45 accordance with article ten of this chapter; [or] to comply with bus 46 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four 47 of this chapter in violation of the rules of the department of transpor- 48 tation of the city of New York through the installation and operation of 49 bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- 50 four of this chapter; or to comply with traffic control indicators as 51 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter through the installation 52 and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance 53 with article twenty-four of this chapter; or making an appearance with- 54 in thirty days of the sending of such notice. Pleas entered and allega- 55 tions contested within that period shall be in the manner prescribed in 56 the notice and not subject to additional penalty or fee. Such notice of 
 S. 8665 18 1 impending default judgment shall not be required prior to the rendering 2 and entry thereof in the case of operators or owners who are non-resi- 3 dents of the state of New York. In no case shall a default judgment be 4 rendered or, where required, a notice of impending default judgment be 5 sent, more than two years after the expiration of the time prescribed 6 for entering a plea or contesting an allegation. When a person has 7 demanded a hearing, no fine or penalty shall be imposed for any reason, 8 prior to the holding of the hearing. If the hearing examiner shall make 9 a determination on the charges, sustaining them, such hearing examiner 10 shall impose no greater penalty or fine than those upon which the person 11 was originally charged. 12 § 8. Subparagraph (i) of paragraph a of subdivision 5-a of section 401 13 of the vehicle and traffic law, as amended by section 7 of part N of 14 chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 15 (i) If at the time of application for a registration or renewal there- 16 of there is a certification from a court, parking violations bureau, 17 traffic and parking violations agency or administrative tribunal of 18 appropriate jurisdiction that the registrant or their representative 19 failed to appear on the return date or any subsequent adjourned date or 20 failed to comply with the rules and regulations of an administrative 21 tribunal following entry of a final decision in response to a total of 22 three or more summonses or other process in the aggregate, issued within 23 an eighteen month period, charging either that: (i) such motor vehicle 24 was parked, stopped or standing, or that such motor vehicle was operated 25 for hire by the registrant or their agent without being licensed as a 26 motor vehicle for hire by the appropriate local authority, in violation 27 of any of the provisions of this chapter or of any law, ordinance, rule 28 or regulation made by a local authority; or (ii) the registrant was 29 liable for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred 30 eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance 31 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 32 operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the 33 installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation- 34 monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chap- 35 ter; or (iii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivision 36 (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- 37 ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary 38 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 39 to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation 40 and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance 41 with article thirty of this chapter; or (iv) the registrant was liable 42 for a violation of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty- 43 four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program 44 imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an 45 operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the 46 installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with 47 article twenty-four of this chapter; or (v) the registrant was liable 48 for a violation of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter 49 when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivi- 50 sions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of 51 this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing mone- 52 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 53 thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the instal- 54 lation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, 55 in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter; or (vi) the 56 registrant was liable for a violation of section three hundred eighty- 
 S. 8665 19 1 five of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or 2 covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap- 3 ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations 4 imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing 5 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 6 thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight 7 restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion 8 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this 9 chapter; or (vii) the registrant was liable for a violation of subdivi- 10 sion (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chap- 11 ter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary 12 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 13 to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway 14 construction or maintenance work area through the installation and oper- 15 ation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with 16 article thirty of this chapter[,]; or (viii) the registrant was liable 17 for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined 18 by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demon- 19 stration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle 20 for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-re- 21 lated traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus 22 operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four 23 of this chapter[,]; or (ix) the registrant was liable for a violation of 24 traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this 25 chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing monetary liability on the 26 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with 27 such traffic control indicators through the installation and operation 28 of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance with article 29 twenty-four of this chapter, the commissioner or their agent shall deny 30 the registration or renewal application until the applicant provides 31 proof from the court, traffic and parking violations agency or adminis- 32 trative tribunal wherein the charges are pending that an appearance or 33 answer has been made or in the case of an administrative tribunal that 34 such applicant has complied with the rules and regulations of said 35 tribunal following entry of a final decision. Where an application is 36 denied pursuant to this section, the commissioner may, in their 37 discretion, deny a registration or renewal application to any other 38 person for the same vehicle and may deny a registration or renewal 39 application for any other motor vehicle registered in the name of the 40 applicant where the commissioner has determined that such registrant's 41 intent has been to evade the purposes of this subdivision and where the 42 commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that such registration or 43 renewal will have the effect of defeating the purposes of this subdivi- 44 sion. Such denial shall only remain in effect as long as the summonses 45 remain unanswered, or in the case of an administrative tribunal, the 46 registrant fails to comply with the rules and regulations following 47 entry of a final decision. 48 § 9. Subdivision 1-a of section 1809 of the vehicle and traffic law, 49 as amended by section 8 of part N of chapter 58 of the laws of 2025, is 50 amended to read as follows: 51 1-a. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision one of this 52 section, the provisions of subdivision one of this section shall not 53 apply to an adjudication of liability of owners: (a) for violations of 54 subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed 55 pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the 56 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with 
 S. 8665 20 1 traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of 2 traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance 3 with article twenty-four of this chapter; or (b) for violations of 4 subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty 5 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing 6 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 7 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the 8 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, 9 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; or (c) for violations 10 of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chap- 11 ter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary 12 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 13 to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and 14 operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty- 15 four of this chapter; or (d) for violations of toll collection regu- 16 lations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law 17 authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the 18 owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with 19 toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the 20 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance 21 with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of 22 the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and 23 sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen 24 hundred fifty; or (e) for violations of section eleven hundred seventy- 25 four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as 26 provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three 27 hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or 28 ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for 29 failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual 30 signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo 31 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of 32 this chapter; or (f) for violations of section three hundred eighty-five 33 of this chapter and the rules of the applicable covered agency or 34 covered authority as such terms are defined in article ten of this chap- 35 ter in relation to gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations 36 imposed pursuant to a weigh in motion demonstration program imposing 37 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 38 thereof to comply with such gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight 39 restrictions through the installation and operation of weigh in motion 40 violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article ten of this 41 chapter; or (g) for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of 42 section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 43 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 44 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted 45 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work 46 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 47 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; 48 or (h) for violations of bus operation-related traffic regulations as 49 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 50 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 51 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper- 52 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation 53 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen- 54 ty-four of this chapter; or (i) for violations of traffic control indi- 55 cators as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursu- 56 ant to a program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle 
 S. 8665 21 1 for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such traffic control 2 indicators through the installation and operation of traffic control 3 indicator photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this 4 chapter. 5 § 10. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle and traffic law, 6 as amended by section 10 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, 7 is amended to read as follows: 8 1. The provisions of any other general or special law notwithstanding, 9 whenever, in a city having a population of one hundred thousand or more 10 according to the nineteen hundred eighty United States census, 11 proceedings in an administrative tribunal or a court result in a finding 12 of liability, or conviction for the violation of any statute, local law, 13 ordinance or rule involving the parking, stopping or standing of a motor 14 vehicle, except (a) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a 15 violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as defined by 16 article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration 17 program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for fail- 18 ure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus operation-related 19 traffic regulations through the installation and operation of bus opera- 20 tion-related photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of 21 this chapter, or (b) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a 22 violation of traffic control indicators as defined by article twenty- 23 four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing monetary 24 liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof 25 to comply with such traffic control indicators through the installation 26 and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance 27 with article twenty-four of this chapter, there shall be levied a manda- 28 tory surcharge in addition to any other sentence, fine or penalty other- 29 wise permitted or required, in the amount of fifteen dollars. Such 30 surcharge shall not be deemed a monetary penalty for the purposes of 31 section two hundred thirty-seven of this chapter or section 19-203 of 32 the administrative code of the city of New York. 33 § 11. Subdivision 1 of section 1809-aa of the vehicle and traffic law, 34 as amended by section 11 of part MM of chapter 56 of the laws of 2023, 35 is amended to read as follows: 36 1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in 37 an administrative tribunal or court result in a conviction for a 38 violation of section twelve hundred, twelve hundred one or twelve 39 hundred two of this chapter, except (a) an adjudication of liability of 40 an owner for a violation of bus operation-related traffic regulations as 41 defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 42 demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 43 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus oper- 44 ation-related traffic regulations through the installation and operation 45 of bus operation-related photo devices, in accordance with article twen- 46 ty-four of this chapter, or (b) an adjudication of liability of an owner 47 for a violation of traffic control indicators as defined by article 48 twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a program imposing mone- 49 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 50 thereof to comply with such traffic control indicators through the 51 installation and operation of traffic control indicator photo devices, 52 in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, there shall be 53 levied a mandatory surcharge in addition to any other sentence, fine or 54 penalty otherwise permitted or required, in the amount of twenty-five 55 dollars. 
 S. 8665 22 1 § 12. Paragraph a of subdivision 1 of section 1809-e of the vehicle 2 and traffic law, as amended by section 9 of part N of chapter 58 of the 3 laws of 2025, is amended to read as follows: 4 a. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever proceedings in 5 a court or an administrative tribunal of this state result in a 6 conviction for an offense under this chapter, except a conviction pursu- 7 ant to section eleven hundred ninety-two of this chapter, or for a traf- 8 fic infraction under this chapter, or a local law, ordinance, rule or 9 regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, except: (i) a traffic 10 infraction involving standing, stopping, or parking or violations by 11 pedestrians or bicyclists; and (ii) an adjudication of liability of an 12 owner for a violation of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred elev- 13 en of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing 14 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 15 thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installa- 16 tion and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring 17 systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and 18 (iii) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of subdi- 19 vision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of 20 this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing mone- 21 tary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 22 thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the 23 installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, 24 in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; and (iv) an adjudi- 25 cation of liability of an owner for a violation of bus lane restrictions 26 as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a 27 bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 28 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane 29 restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo 30 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (v) 31 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of toll 32 collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to 33 the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability 34 on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply 35 with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the 36 installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance 37 with section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public author- 38 ities law or sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter 39 seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty; and 40 (vi) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of section 41 eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus 42 marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c 43 of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant 44 to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of 45 a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus 46 red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus 47 photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty- 48 nine of this chapter; and (vii) an adjudication of liability of an owner 49 for a violation of section three hundred eighty-five of this chapter and 50 the rules of the applicable covered agency or covered authority as such 51 terms are defined in article ten of this chapter in relation to gross 52 vehicle weight and/or axle weight violations imposed pursuant to a weigh 53 in motion demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner 54 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such 55 gross vehicle weight and/or axle weight restrictions through the instal- 56 lation and operation of weigh in motion violation monitoring systems, in 
 S. 8665 23 1 accordance with article ten of this chapter; and (viii) an adjudication 2 of liability of an owner for a violation of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or 3 (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to 4 a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a 5 vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted 6 maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work 7 area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation 8 monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter; 9 and (ix) an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of bus 10 operation-related traffic regulations as defined by article twenty-four 11 of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing 12 monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator 13 thereof to comply with such bus operation-related traffic regulations 14 through the installation and operation of bus operation-related photo 15 devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter; and (x) 16 an adjudication of liability of an owner for a violation of traffic 17 control indicators as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter 18 imposed pursuant to a program imposing monetary liability on the owner 19 of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such 20 traffic control indicators through the installation and operation of 21 traffic control indicator photo devices, in accordance with article 22 twenty-four of this chapter, there shall be levied in addition to any 23 sentence, penalty or other surcharge required or permitted by law, an 24 additional surcharge of twenty-eight dollars. 25 § 13. Subdivision 2 of section 87 of the public officers law is 26 amended by adding a new paragraph (w) to read as follows: 27 (w) are photographs, microphotographs, videotape or other recorded 28 images prepared under authority of section eleven hundred eleven-j of 29 the vehicle and traffic law. 30 § 14. The purchase or lease of equipment for a demonstration program 31 established pursuant to section 1111-j of the vehicle and traffic law, 32 as added by section one of this act, shall be subject to the provisions 33 of section 103 of the general municipal law. 34 § 15. This act shall take effect one year after it shall have become a 35 law; provided, however, that sections one, thirteen and fourteen of this 36 act shall expire six years after it shall have become a law, when upon 37 such date the provisions of such sections shall be deemed repealed; 38 provided further, however, that: 39 (a) the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 1809-a of the vehicle 40 and traffic law made by section ten of this act shall not affect the 41 repeal of such section and shall be deemed repealed therewith; and 42 (b) effective immediately, the addition, amendment and/or repeal of 43 any rule or regulation necessary for the implementation of section one 44 of this act on its effective date are authorized to be made and 45 completed on or before such effective date.